The Top 25 Economies in the World

23 décembre 2021 ThePressFree Aucun commentaire

Top Ten Countries by Nominal GDP at Current U.S. Dollar Exchange Rates
Country	Nominal GDP (in trillions)	PPP Adjusted GDP (in trillions)	Annual Growth (%)	GDP Per Capita (in thousands)
United States	$20.89	$20.89	-3.6%	$63,413.5
China	$14.72	$24.27	2.3%	$10,434.8
Japan	$5.06	$5.25	-4.6%	$40,193.3
Germany	$3.85	$4.52	-4.6%	$46,208.4
United Kingdom	$2.76	$3.08	-9.7%	$41,124.5
India	$2.66	$8.97	-7.3%	$1,927.7
France	$2.63	$3.15	-7.9%	$39,030.4
Italy	$1.89	$2.49	-8.9%	$31,714.2
Canada	$1.64	$1.83	-5.3%	$43,258.2
South Korea	$1.64	$2.24	-0.9%	$31,631.5

1. United States

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $20.89 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $20.89 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -3.6%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $63,413.5

The United States’ economy is the largest in the world as measured by nominal GDP. The biggest contributor to that GDP is the economy’s service sector, which includes finance, real estate, insurance, professional and business services, and healthcare.

The U.S. has a relatively open economy, facilitating flexible business investment and foreign direct investment in the country. It is the world’s dominant geopolitical power and is able to maintain a large external national debt as the producer of the world’s primary reserve currency. The U.S. economy is at the forefront of technology in many industries, but it faces rising threats in the form of economic inequality, rising healthcare and social safety net costs, and deteriorating infrastructure.

2. China

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $14.72 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $24.27 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: 2.3%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $10,434.8

China has the world’s second largest nominal GDP in current dollars and the largest in terms of PPP. With annual growth that consistently outpaces the U.S., China may be on track to become the largest economy in the world by nominal GDP in the years to come.

As China has progressively opened its economy over the past four decades, economic development and living standards have greatly improved. As the government has gradually phased out collectivized agriculture and industry, allowed greater flexibility for market prices, and increased the autonomy of businesses, foreign and domestic trade and investment have taken off. Coupled with an industrial policy that encourages domestic manufacturing, this has made China the world’s number one exporter. Despite these advantages, China faces some significant challenges, such as a rapidly aging population and severe environmental degradation.

3. Japan

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $5.06 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $5.25 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -4.6%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $40,193.3

Japan is the third largest economy in the world. Its GDP crossed the $5 trillion mark in 2019. Strong co-operation between government and industry and advanced technological know-how have built Japan’s manufacturing and export-oriented economy. Many major Japanese businesses are organized as networks of interlinked companies known as Keiretsu. After the Lost Decade of the 1990s and the impact of the global Great Recession, Japan has seen an uptick in growth in recent years under the policies of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. However, Japan is poor in natural resources and dependent on energy imports, especially after the general shutdown of its nuclear power industry following the 2011 Fukushima disaster. Japan has also struggled with a rapidly aging population.

4. Germany

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $3.85 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $4.52 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -4.6%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $46,208.4

Fourth among world economies is Germany, with a 2020 GDP of $3.85 trillion. Germany is also Europe’s largest economy. Germany is a top exporter of vehicles, machinery, chemicals, and other manufactured goods and has a highly skilled workforce. Germany, however, faces some demographic challenges to its economic growth. Its low fertility rate makes replacing its aging workforce more difficult, and its high levels of net immigration strain its social welfare system.

5. United Kingdom

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $2.76 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $3.08 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -9.7%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $41,124.5

The United Kingdom has the fifth largest economy in the world. It had a GDP of $2.83 trillion in 2019, down 9.7% from the prior year. The U.K. economy is driven by its large service sector, particularly in finance, insurance, and business services. The nation’s extensive trading relationship with continental Europe has been greatly complicated by the resolution of Brexit subsequent to the 2016 vote to leave the European Union. As of Jan. 31, 2020, the U.K. is officially not a member of the E.U., but contentious negotiations over trade relations between the two are ongoing.

6. India

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $2.66 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $8.97 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -7.3%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $1,927.7

India is the sixth largest economy in the world, with a GDP of $2.66 trillion in 2020, more than 7% lower than in 2019. Because of its large population, India has the lowest per-capita GDP on our list. India’s economy is a mixture of traditional village farming and handicrafts alongside booming modern industry and mechanized agriculture. India is a major exporter of technology services and business outsourcing, and the service sector makes up a large share of its economic output. Liberalization of India’s economy since the 1990s has boosted economic growth, but inflexible business regulation, widespread corruption, and persistent poverty pose challenges to ongoing expansion.

7. France

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $2.63 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $3.15 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -7.9%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $39,030.4

France had a GDP of $2.63 trillion in 2020, ranking seventh in the world. Tourism is an important industry, and France receives the most visitors of any country each year. France is a mixed economy that has many private and semiprivate businesses across a diverse range of industries. However, there is still heavy government involvement in certain key sectors, such as defense and electrical power generation. The French government’s commitment to economic intervention in favor of social equality also creates some challenges for the economy, such as a rigid labor market with high unemployment and a large public debt relative to other advanced economies.

8. Italy

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.89 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $2.49 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -8.9%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $31,714.2

The world’s eighth largest GDP belongs to Italy at $1.89 trillion in 2020, down 8.9% from 2019. The eurozone’s third largest economy, Italy’s economy and level of development vary notably by region, with a more developed, industrial economy in the north and underdeveloped southern regions. Italy faces persistently sluggish economic growth due to a very high public debt, an inefficient court system, a weak banking sector, an inefficient labor market with chronically high youth unemployment, and a large underground economy.

9. Canada

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.64 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.83 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -5.3%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $43,258.2

Canada had $1.64 trillion in GDP in 2020, making it the world’s ninth largest economy. Canada has a well-developed energy extraction sector, with the world’s third largest proven oil reserves. Canada also has impressive manufacturing and service sectors, based mostly in urban areas near the U.S. border. Canada’s free trade relationship with the U.S. means that three-quarters of Canadian exports head to the U.S. market each year. Canada’s close ties to the U.S. mean that it has developed largely in parallel to the world’s largest economy.

10. South Korea

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.64 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $2.24 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -0.9%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $31,631.5

Rounding out the top 10 economies in the world by GDP, South Korea, with a GDP of $1.64 trillion in 2020, is the 10th largest world economy. South Korea’s economy is a 20th century success story that is today firmly established as an advanced, industrial economy. Known for its strategy of export-led growth and the dominance of its chaebols (large business conglomerates), South Korea in recent decades has built a network of free trade agreements covering 58 countries that account for over three-quarters of the world’s GDP. It is a major producer and exporter of electronics, telecommunications equipment, and motor vehicles. With this progress, however, South Korea also now faces some of the same challenges that many other advanced economies are dealing with, including slower growth and an aging workforce.

11. Russia

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.48 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $4.13 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -3%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $10,126.7

Russia is the world’s 11th largest economy, with a GDP of $1.48 trillion as of 2020, 3% lower than in 2019. Russia has moved toward a more market-based economy over the 30 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, but government ownership of and intervention in business is still common. As a leading exporter of oil and gas, as well as other minerals and metals, Russia’s economy is highly sensitive to swings in world commodity prices.

12. Brazil

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.44 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $3.15 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -4.1%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $6,796.8

Brazil is the 12th largest economy in the world and the largest in South America, with a 2020 GDP of $1.44 trillion. Brazil’s diversified economy runs the gamut from heavy industries, such as aircraft and automotive production, to mineral and energy resource extraction. It also has a large agricultural sector that makes it a major exporter of coffee and soy beans. Brazil emerged from a severe recession in 2017 and suffered a series of high-level corruption scandals along the way. In the wake of these events, Brazil instituted a series of major economic reforms intended to rein in public spending and debt, invest in energy infrastructure, lower barriers to foreign investment, and improve labor market conditions.

13. Australia

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S.: $1.33 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.34 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -0%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $51,692.8

Australia is the 13th largest economy in the world, with a GDP of $1.33 trillion in 2020. Australia combines a relatively open domestic economy with an extensive network of free trade arrangements with trading partners all around the Asia-Pacific Rim. This works to the advantages of Australia’s abundant natural resource and agricultural export industries. However, it has also left Australia vulnerable to swings in world commodity demand and prices in energy (coal and natural gas), metals (iron ore and gold), and agricultural products (beef and sheep products).

14. Spain

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.28 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.81 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -10.8%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $27,063.2

Spain had a GDP of $1.28 trillion in 2020, making it the 14th largest economy in the world by GDP. Spain’s economy suffered severely during the Great Recession, with unemployment soaring above 25% and a rising national debt despite attempts at fiscal austerity. It has recovered in recent years as moderating inflation and labor costs have encouraged foreign investment and increased the competitiveness of Spain’s exports, including manufactured machinery and foodstuffs. However, political instability has hindered the government’s ability to sustain further economic reforms.

15. Mexico

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.07 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $2.42 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -8.3%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $8,329.3

Mexico’s GDP was $1.07 trillion in 2020, making it the 15th largest economy in the world. Over the past three decades, Mexico has emerged as a manufacturing economy under a series of free trade arrangements with the U.S., Canada, and 44 other countries. Many major U.S. manufacturers have integrated supply chains with counterparts or operations in Mexico. Mexico supports a variety of exports, including consumer electronics, vehicles, and auto parts, and well as petroleum and agricultural products. The international drug trade constitutes an ongoing challenge to Mexico’s development, which has directly contributed to violence and corruption in the country. Weak legal institutions have made it difficult to regulate and integrate the large informal economy that employs over half of Mexico’s workforce.

16. Indonesia

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $1.06 trillion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $3.3 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -2.1%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $3,869.6

Indonesia is the world’s 16th largest economy, with a GDP of $1.06 trillion as of 2020. Indonesia’s economy is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is based largely on commodity export industries. Major exports include coal and petroleum products, in addition to agricultural commodities suitable for industrial use, such as rubber and palm oil. Indonesia has an institutional cap on its national budget deficit, at -2.7% of GDP, which has led to its relatively low debt burden and investment-grade credit rating. However, regional inequality, lack of infrastructure, and governmental corruption remain problems for Indonesia’s rising economy.

17. Netherlands

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $913.86 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.03 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -3.8%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $52,397.1

The Netherlands stands as the 17th largest economy in the world, with a 2020 GDP of $913.86 billion. The Netherlands is a major commercial transportation hub, with some industrial manufacturing as well as petroleum extraction and processing. It has a highly developed agricultural sector and is the second largest agricultural exporter in the world. The Netherlands has a large financial services sector, with assets four times the size of Dutch GDP.

18. Switzerland

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $752.25 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $619.79 billion
2020 GDP Growth: -2.4%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $87,097

The Alpine nation of Switzerland had a GDP of $752.25 billion in 2020, making it the 18th largest economy in the world. Switzerland has a large service sector, including financial services, and a high-tech manufacturing sector served by a highly skilled labor force. High-quality legal, political, and economic institutions and solid physical infrastructure set the stage for a productive economy with one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the world.

19. Turkey

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $719.95 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $2.37 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: 1.8%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $8,536.4

Turkey is the 19th largest economy in the world, with a GDP of $719.95 billion in 2020. Turkey has a largely open economy, with large industrial and service sectors. Major industries include electronics, petrochemicals, and automotive production. Political turmoil and involvement in regional armed conflicts have led to some financial and currency market instability and uncertainty about Turkey’s economic future in recent years.

20. Saudi Arabia

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $700.12 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.63 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -4.1%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $20,110.3

Saudi Arabia had a GDP of $700.12 billion in 2020, the 20th largest in the world. The Saudi economy is heavily based on oil and is the world’s largest oil exporter. The Saudi government owns and operates much of the country’s major industry through its oil company, Aramco. However, with global environmental concerns driving increasing interest in developing non-fossil fuel energy sources, the Saudis are looking to diversify their economy by encouraging more private investment in healthcare and other service industries. The Saudi government has also begun to at least partially privatize Aramco, launching an IPO for the company in late 2019.

21. Poland

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $596.62 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.3 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -2.5%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $15,721

Poland is the 21st largest economy in the world, with a 2020 GDP of $596.62 billion. Heavy industry, including iron and steel production, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, and coal mining, is an important part of Poland’s economy. Poland’s business-friendly climate and sound macroeconomic policies allowed it to be the only E.U. country to avoid recession in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. However, inefficient legal and regulatory structures and an aging population are challenges for Poland’s ongoing growth in the future.

22. Sweden

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $541.22 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $568.71 billion
2020 GDP Growth: -2.9%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $52,274.4

Sweden, with a 2020 GDP of $541.22 billion, is the 22nd largest economy in the world. Sweden is a competitive economy, with a high standard of living and a mix of free enterprise alongside a generous social welfare state. Sweden’s manufacturing economy relies heavily on foreign exports, including machinery, motor vehicles, and telecommunications. Sweden has taken in a large number of new immigrants and thus faces a short- to medium-term challenge with integrating them into Swedish society and its labor market.

23. Belgium

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $521.86 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $608.15 billion
2020 GDP Growth: -5.7%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $45,159.3

Belgium’s 2020 GDP was $521.86 billion, making it the 23rd largest world economy. Belgium is a trade and transport hub that has a diversified economy with a mix of services, manufacturing, and high-tech industry. Because of its deep integration with the rest of the European economy, Belgium is highly sensitive to swings in the overall economic performance of its neighbors. Belgium faces a high public debt burden relative to its GDP, which can constitute an obstacle to growth.

24. Thailand

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $501.64 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $1.27 trillion
2020 GDP Growth: -6.1%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $7,186.9

Thailand is the 24th largest economy in the world, with a $501.64 billion GDP in 2020. The Thai economy enjoys relatively high-quality infrastructure, in addition to pro-free-enterprise and pro-investment policies. Thailand is highly dependent on exports, which account for about two-thirds of its GDP. Its main exports include electronics, agricultural products, motor vehicles and parts, and food products. Thailand also has a substantial international tourism industry. Its agricultural sector makes up approximately 10% of its economy but employs about 30% of its workers.

25. Austria

2020 Nominal GDP in Current U.S. Dollars: $433.26 billion
2020 PPP Adjusted GDP in Current International Dollars: $496.23 billion
2020 GDP Growth: -6.7%
2020 Nominal GDP Per Capita in Current U.S. Dollars: $48,586.8

Last but certainly not least, Austria 2020 GDP was $521.86 billion, making it the 23rd largest world economy. Austria has a well-developed market economy with a skilled labor force and high standard of living, featuring a large service sector, a solid industrial sector, and a small (though highly developed) agricultural sector. It possesses close ties to other EU economies as well as the U.S., which is its third-largest trade partner. The country faces several external risks, such as its exposure to the Russian banking sector and deep energy relationship with Russia.